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Coaches' Page

This page was created to inform coaches of the dangers and disadvantages associated with sports specialization.

 

Coaches often ask, "What is sports specialization?" Sports specialization is the idea that focusing and playing one sport year round, exclusively, will give you a competitive advantage over your competition (Hong 2014).

 

Why does this matter for coaches? Coaches' jobs depend on high levels of interest in their specific sport. When athletes only play one sport year round, it cuts down on the amount of athletes who turn out for each sport. 

Urban Meyer Wants Multiple Sport Athletes.

Urban Meyer's graph illustrates the overwhelming feeling by college football coaches that they would like the athletes they recruit to be multiple sport athletes. Multiple sport athletes tend to possess better hand eye coordination, balance and explosiveness (Rerick 2015).

Two Paths Children and Coaches can Take.
Research has determined that one reason why specialization has become popular is that parents are pushing their children to pick a sport at an early age. This way they can have a “leg-up” on competition. There are two different paths that children and coaches can take: specialization or multiple sport participation. Multiple-sport participation is scientifically based and serves the needs of the student athlete for a life time (O'Sullivan  2015).

Image by Nancy Slesk

Image by Ellen Terpsma

What is a Safe Amount of Practice?

Researchers suggest that athletes' hours of practice per week should never exceed the students' age. For example, a 14-year-old should practice fewer than 14 hours per week. Once their hours of practice exceed their age number, they are much more likely to become injured (Jayanthi 2013).

Did all Pro Athletes Specialize?

A recent poll taken of the U.S. women's world cup champions shows exactly why sports specialization is not necessary to achieve greatness. Key players on the 2015 women’s world cup roster explained they were multiple-sport athletes growing up. This includes Abby Wambach, arguably the best U.S. women's player in the history of U.S. national soccer. 

 

Other players such as back-up central defender Whitney Engen explained that she played many sports growing up and does not agree with Malcolm Gladwell's 10,000-hour theory. She explains that sports are more complex than dedicating 10,000 hours to a specific sport. Playing different sports gives young athletes unique skills that they cannot learn from playing one sport year-round. Wambach shares Engen's feeling, explaining that by taking time off from playing soccer, she was able to realize how much she enjoys soccer. Taking time to play basketball in the offseason allowed her to come back to soccer fresh (Rogers 2015).

Image by Ellen Terpsma

Image by Urabn Meyer, taken from High School Sports Stuff Blog (Link to http://highschoolsportsstuff.areavoices.com/2015/01/20/one-sport-athletes/)

Dangers of Specialization

  1. Overuse Injuries

  2. Burnout

  3. College Scholarship Myth

  4. Not Achieveing Full Athletic Potential (Kauppinen 2005)

Solutions

1. Encourage students to play multiple sports.

 

2. Don't force students to make a decision early on in their athletic careers.

 

3. Work closely with other coaches and athletic directors so students can have opportunities to play multiple sports.

 

4. Talk with parents and encourage them to allow their students to play multiple sports. 

 

5. "Let kids be kids." Allow students to play and have fun. Forcing them to focus on a sport early on makes it feel like a job (Jayanthi 2013).

John O'Sullivan

Video of John O'Sullivan by Ted Talks on Change the Game Project.com (Link to http://changingthegameproject.com/changing-the-game-in-youth-sports/

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