top of page

References

Anderson, S. J., Bernard, G. A., Miriam, J. D., Thomas, M. J., McLain, L. G., Rowland, T. W., & Small, Eric. (2000). Intensive                           training and sports specialization in young athletes. AAP

            Gateway, 106, 1. Retrieved from http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/106/1/154

 

Aschwanden, C, (2014). Too much practice and specialization can hurt instead of help child athletes. The Washington Post.                 Retrieved from

            https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/too-much-practice-and-specialization-can-hurt-instead-of-help-child-athletes/2014/06/16/7e6ba03c-f0cc-11e3-9ebc-2ee6f81ed217_story.html

 

Baker, J. (2003). Early specialization in youth sport: a requirement for adult expertise? High Ability Studies, 14(1), 85-94.

           Retrieved from http://www.yorku.ca/bakerj/High%20Ability%20Studies%20paper.pdf

 

Baker, J., & Robertson-Wilson, J. (2003). On the risk of early specialization in sport. Physical & Health Education Journal, 69(1).            Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/214330200?pq-origsite=gscholar

 

 Bayli, I., Way, R., Higgs, C. (2013). Long-term athlete development, Human Kinetics. Retrieved from                                                           http://www.humankinetics.com/excerpts/excerpts/late-specialization-is-recommended-for-most-sports

 

Bomeisl, M. (2011). What's with scouting obsession of multi-sport athletes? Prospectwire.com. Retrieved from                                       http://www.prospectwire.com/pw/article.php?id=229

 

Brooks, T. (2011). Athlete development vs sports specialization: what is the cause of so many young athlete injuries?                              International Youth Conditioning Association. Retrieved from http://iyca.org/injury-rates-of-sport-specialization-vs-athletic-development/

 

 Buchanan, TJ. (2014). USOC report: the formula for developing elite athletes. USA Lacrosse. Retrieved from                                              http://www.uslacrosse.org/multimedia-center/blog/postid/820/usoc-report-the-formula-for-developing-elite-athletes.aspx

 

 Cammarota, B. (2014). The dangers of sports specialization. Philly. Retrieved from

          http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/sportsdoc/The-professionalization-of-youth-.html

 

 Coakley, J., Sheridan, M., Howard, R., Graham, T., Faigenbaum, A. (2010). Guidelines for participation in youth sport                               programs: specialization versus multiple-sport participation,  National Association for Sport and Physical Education.                 Retrieved from http://www.shapeamerica.org/advocacy/positionstatements/pe/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&pageid=4651

 

 De Lynch, B (2015). Early specialization: Nine reasons why it is a bad idea. Moms Team. Retrieved from                                                   http://www.momsteam.com/successful-parenting/early-specialization-in-youth-sports-supported-by-myths-and-competitive-culture-not-facts

 

Devine, J. (2013). Early specialization and year-round training is destroying youth hockey. Sport IQ. Retrieved from                                  http://www.getsportiq.com/2013/11/early-specialization-and-year-round-training-is-destroying-youth-hockey/

 

Dyer, M. (2015). Trend toward sport specialization not always best decision. National Federation of State High School                            Associations. Retrieved from http://www.nfhs.org/articles/trend-toward-sport-specialization-not-always-best-decision/

 

 Geir, D. MD. (2015). Is single-sport specialization really dangerous for young athletes? Dr. David Geir: Sports Medicine                        Simplified. Retrieved from http://www.drdavidgeier.com/single-sport-dangerous-children/

 

Halvorson, R. (2014). The danger of sports specialization. Idea Health and Fitness Association. Retrieved from                                       http://www.ideafit.com/fitness-library/the-danger-of-sports-specialization

 

Hecimovich, M. (2004). Sports specialization in youth: A literature review. JACA Research and Science, 41(4), 32-41. Retrieved            from http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/4422/1/sport_specialization_in_youth.pdf

 

Hong, E. (2014). Sports specialization: what is the right age? Philly.com. Retrieved from

         http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/sportsdoc/Sports-Specialization-What-is-the-right-age.html

 

Jayanthi, N., Pinkham, C., Dugas, L., Patrick, B., & Labella, C. (2013). Sports specialization in young athletes: Evidence-based              recommendations. Sports Health, 5 (3). Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3658407/

 

Khan, S JR. (2016). What you need to know about Alabama Quarterback Jalen Hurts. Retrieved from http://www.espn.com/blog/sec/post/_/id/120865/what-you-need-to-know-about-alabama-quarterback-jalen-hurts

​

​

 Kauppinen, T. (2005). Youth sports specialization: beware these 4 dangers. SherriAllen.com. Retrieved from                                        http://www.sherriallen.com/family/sportspecialization.html

 

 Kroichick, R. (2013). Injuries exploding as youths focus on one sport. sfgate. Retrieved from

         http://www.sfgate.com/sports/kroichick/article/Injuries-exploding-as-youths-focus-on-one-sport-4898770.php

 

 Malina, R. M. (2010). Early sport specialization: roots, effectiveness risks. Sports Medicine Rep., 9, 6. 364-371. Retrieved from          http://nyshsi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Competitive_Youth_Sports_in_Society-Malina-CSMR-2010.pdf

 

Mandel, E. (2015). Seahawks' Pete Carrol: Russel Wilson, Johnny Manziel proves youth sports specialization is foolish. http://sports.mynorthwest.com/292/2876350/Seahawksapos-Pete-Carroll-Russell-Wilson-Johnny-Manziel-prove-youth-sports-specialization-is-foolish

 

NCAA (2014). NCAA recruiting facts: college sports offer student-athletes opportunities to learn, compete and succeed.                    Retrieved from https://www.ncaa.org/sites/default/files/Recruiting%20Fact%20Sheet%20WEB.pdf

 

 O'Sullivan, J. (2015). Wise to specialize. Changing the Game Project. Retrieved from

         http://changingthegameproject.com/is-it-wise-to-specialize/

 

 Preston, C. (2008). Sports specialization among reasons for decline in multisport athletes. ESPN. Retrieved from                                http://sports.espn.go.com/ncaa/news/story?id=3507788l-draft

 

Price, K. (2016). NCAA reveals when athletes begin sport specialization. The Season. Retrieved from                                                        http://theseason.gc.com/ncaa-study-reveals-when-athletes-begin-sport-specialization

 

 Rerick, M. (2015). One sport athletes. High School Sports Stuff. Retrieved from

         http://highschoolsportsstuff.areavoices.com/2015/01/20/one-sport-athletes/

 

 Seifert, K. (2015). QB survey: cross-training only helps. ESPN. Retrieved from

         http://espn.go.com/nfl/story/_/page/qbsurvey150205HSTraining/high-school-specialization

 

 Smith, C. (2015). No surprise here: lots of prep multi-sport athletes in NFL draft. USA Today. Retrieved from                                        http://usatodayhss.com/2015/no-surprise-here-lots-of-prep-multi-sport-athletes-in-nfl-draft

​

Spokane Public Radio, An NPR member Station. (2017). Student athletes who specialize early are injured more often, study finds. Retrieved from http://spokanepublicradio.org/post/student-athletes-who-specialize-early-are-injured-more-often-study-finds

​

Stack.com, (2018). Steph Curry Says Playing Multiple Sports Gave Him Confidence to be an MVP. Retrieved from http://www.stack.com/a/steph-curry-says-playing-multiple-sports-gave-him-confidence-to-be-an-mvp

​

 Timmons, A. (2008). The 10 greatest multi-sport athletes of all time, Bleacher Report. Retrieved from                                                   http://bleacherreport.com/articles/76583-the-10-greatest-multi-sport-athletes-of-all-time

 

Vaino, E. (2012). Does early specialization help? Elsbethvaino. Retrieved from

         http://elsbethvaino.com/2012/06/does-early-specialization-help/

 

 

Wiersma, L. D. (2000). Risks and benefits of youth sport specialization: perspectives and recommendations, Pediatric                         Exercise Science. Retrieved from                                                                                                                                                                     http://journals.humankinetics.com/AcuCustom/Sitename/Documents/DocumentItem/12188.pdf

 

 Wojtys, E. M. (2013). Sports specialization vs diversification. Sports Health, 5(3), 212-213. Retrieved from                                                http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3658411/

​
 

Other helpful links:

Momstream:

http://www.momsteam.com/successful-parenting/basics/smartteams%E2%84%A2-talk-dr-neeru-jayanthis-message-youth-sports-parents-let-kid

 

Change the Game Project:

http://changingthegameproject.com/changing-the-game-in-youth-sports/

 

Positive Coaching Alliance:

https://www.positivecoach.org/

​

  

bottom of page